I
N T RODUC T ION
U E i combustion analyzers provide real time data that provides information on the condition of the combus-
tion process of your equipment. This information is needed for proper setup and maintenance to verify proper opera-
tion. Benefits of combustion analysis are to increase efficiency thus reducing fuel costs, verification of proper combus-
tion to reduce future problems, and to check for safe operation. A combustion process out of balance can incre a s e
maintenance needs, create excess emissions, lead to safety concerns or waste fuel and money. By checking for pro p e r
operation you are able to confirm a job well done.
• This ove rv i ew will explain some of the common terms used in combustion testing
– The combustion process – (a small amount of chemistry )
– Ideal combustion – you may have heard the term Stoichiometric (or not)
– Relationship between CO2, CO and O2
• The analyzer and display
– Various text and icons used on the front housing, in the display and on the printout
– What will the readings do when adjustments are made
– W h e re are you on the combustion curves from these re a d i n g s
T
HE
C
OMBUST I ON
P
ROCES S
What is really going on during combustion? Most of us know it as a fire that is generating heat and possibly
smoke. We know that paper or wood can burn when lit, and continue to burn – but what is really happening?
Combustion is a continuous chemical reaction that occurs when a certain temperature is reached, and there is the
p r esence of both fuel and an ox i d i z e r. The most common fuels are hyd r ogen and carbon, and the typical ox i d i z er is
O2 present in the air we breathe. Once the reaction is started it will continue as long as it is being fed fuel and ox y-
gen, and the temperature is sufficient.
I
DEAL
C
OMBUSTION
P
ROCESS
If a perfect condition
could exist for combustion it would
be the burning of pure hyd r o g e n
(H2) in pure oxygen (O2). T h i s
would give us heat and water, and
be the easiest to maintain. Tw o
h y d r ogen (H2), combine with one
O2 molecule gives us two water
molecules plus heat. The re a c t i o n
would be something like figure 1.
It is great in theory that we would
have a very efficient system with
only some heat losses from the
water vapor, but it isn’t very prac-
tical. Pure hydrogen and oxygen
are expensive to create, and diffi-
cult to handle compared to other
fuels already available.
C
OMBUSTION
B
ASICS
figure 1
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